Do you know why Humanity still doesn't Have colonies on the moon or Mars maybe It's because big companies that need to Invest in this are worried they'll never See a return on their investment well at Least that's one of the reasons but the Cheaper space flights will get further And the technologies that can help cost Effectively settle on other planets will Develop there will be more countries More billionaires Tech Giants startups And institutions they're all going to Get into the Space Race whose Finish Line Is Right on the red planet and as Of now why are they so reluctant are They afraid of future cataclysms do they Know something we don't are they Dreaming of claiming the title of space Pioneers or hoping to mine rare medals On the asteroid belt watch today's video And find out all about when and how life On Mars as well as its outcomes Including a new round of evolution and The possible demise of the planet itself Wheels up [Music] Foreign The first thing you need to know about Mars is that it will try to kill you Although it's the most Earth-like planet In the solar system that used to have a Dense atmosphere abundant water sources And a warm climate today Mars is Ruthless to men remember the ancient
Romans named the planet after their God Of War because of its red color the Color of blood well once we get there We'll definitely sprinkle it with our Own blood as Elon Musk describes human Exploration of the planet a bunch of People will die in the beginning Mars is a totally hostile environment For human life combining extreme cold With an atmosphere unfit for breathing And intense radiation but given other Options within our solar system or the Lack thereof Mars is Prime real estate a Truly Elite neighborhood compared to say Venus whose atmosphere would crush you And burn you with sulfuric acid rains or Jupiter for that matter if you remember This gas giant has no surface so you'd Just be falling through it until you're Killed by radiation ammonia low Temperatures hurricanes pressures and Then well you'd be getting closer to the Lower atmosphere with pressures and Temperatures higher than on the surface Of the Sun The whole ride would take 12 hours but No Terminator or Deadpool could survive Even half of that With Mars earthlings have a better Chance the Martian day lasts almost as Long as the Earth Day and it's equal to 24 hours and 39 minutes the axial tilt Of Mars is similar to Earth which means The red planet has Seasons that are very
Similar to our own although they might Last twice as long there's also water Ice and remnants of the atmosphere on Mars This plus enthusiasm optimism and Scientific achievements it gives us a Little hope to survive in case Earth is Threatened by a global catastrophe by The way there are six very real ways our Home planet can be destroyed and some Start to think at any moment this could Happen we've discussed them all in Detail in a previous issue check that One here in the link So do we have alternatives to Mars well We do for example building a mass Rotating wheel space station to call Home like the one in 2001 A Space Odyssey the movie but this type of Ambitious project would require so much Building material and equipment to be Launched into space that it's still a Less realistic option than an actual Mars colony plus to create artificial Gravity the station should be 40 to 50 Meters in diameter the more the better Although there's an alternative to this Alternative some Engineers offered to Rotate asteroids instead of stations Literally by digging out their insides And settling people inside however There's a problem here too most Asteroids of the right size are not Solid those are loose clusters of rock And dust that will fly apart long before
They reach a useful rotational speed so Back to Mars again We have what we found already on the red Planet right and the history of research 11 robots inhabitating the planet have Found ice evidence of liquid water Beneath the planet's surface organic Molecules chemicals capable of Supporting some microbes active methane Geological material many many rocks and Regolith Rich with high iron oxide and By the way why is there so much oxide Iron on a planet with almost no oxygen In the atmosphere it's a real mystery Maybe you know the answer and if you do Share it with the rest of us in the Comments But as everything we've found so far Enough for humans to survive Of course not but still there's some Important resources that's why NASA Plans to send astronauts to Mars Probably sometime in the 2030s and it's Currently working on six Technologies For this Mission which we'll tell you About later but the US isn't the only One with Martian scale Ambitions the United Arab Emirates has developed a Century-long plan to start colonies on The red planet all stages are scheduled Up to twenty thousand one hundred and Seventeen and while all of this is going On China is declaring to send people to Mars on a long-term goal especially
Those who want to taste Martian life Right now can visit the Gobi desert Colony modeled by Chinese scientists and Of course we can't talk about Mars Without talking about Elon Musk who set The goal of creating a transportation System to Mars and back by the way very Soon SpaceX Starship could have its First real flight and we'll tell you About it in detail but in the meantime You can watch a full review of The Starships launch system design and Features in the video you can find right Here So assuming we have the Rockets to go to Mars what kind of problems might we Encounter on our way the first one is a Long flight it took the Apollo Astronauts an average of three days to Reach the moon but a trip to Mars would Take six to nine months since the Distance between Mars and Earth Fluctuates from 56 to 400 million Kilometers due to their elliptical Orbits there's only a small window when The position of the planets is ideal for Space travel and this greatly Complicates Logistics however it's not The biggest problem Prolonged flight exposes people to the Greatest horror of space travels solar Flares these are the most powerful types Of explosions in the solar system a Single flare could be the equivalent of
100 million thermonuclear bombs Earth's Magnetic field can protect astronauts in Orbit but a deep space traveler to Contact such amounts of radiation won't Be able to survive more than even a few Days The Apollo program didn't have a Solution to this problem counting on the Chance that the moon mission wouldn't Take long and avoid another flare but a Mars mission is a different story it's Too long to hope for a miracle and it's Impossible at least for now to Accurately calculate and predict flares Especially on the side of the Sun that Faces away from Earth to solve this Problem spacecraft are to be equipped With Shield protection Panic rooms Shields might come in very different Forms such as water tanks or new Materials still in development another Solution or at least a factor that Reduces the dangers of travel is the Development of new super powered engines That could speed up the delivery of Humans to Mars right now NASA is Exploring several possible options all Of them utilize nuclear power for Example it's known for sure that nuclear Electric and nuclear thermal units are In development right now both engines Use nuclear fission though differ Significantly in efficiency and power The agency's website states that NASA is
Working with Partners to develop test And improve critical components of Various propulsion Technologies to Minimum is the risk for the first human Mission to Mars The second technology NASA is working on Is an inflatable heat shield for Astronauts to land on the planet this Type of Shield would be great help for The perseverance Landing when NASA Managed to land on Mars the heaviest Rover in history however it was only the Size of a car the spacecraft for long Distance flights would be much much Bigger and now experts are working on a Large inflatable Shield that would be Sturdy but won't take up too much space When transported the technology is not Ready yet but these flight tests of a Six meter diameter prototype will soon Be underway in our own atmosphere which Is much denser than the Martian Atmosphere if the shield can withstand This heat it should in theory work on Mars Foreign [Music] So let's say it all works out and the Ship with the astronauts lands Successfully what's next unlike Earth Mars has no planetary magnetic field Because of this the planets once dense Atmosphere was gradually disintegrated By the solar wind in just a couple
Hundred million years today atmospheric Pressure on Mars has less than one Percent of that on earth and the Atmosphere itself is a toxic plume Consisting mostly of carbon dioxide Argon and nitrogen not only is it unfit For breathing life forms the rarified Atmosphere also can't absorb or retain The sun's heat which leads to severe Temperature drops even in the summer at The equator it may be 20 degrees Celsius During the day and negative 70 at night At the same time it might be negative 150 at night at the pole so what does That mean for human life Imagine a cheerful Martian warning you Walk out of your spaceship and your T-shirt and underwear and to do this We'll just have to forget about the lack Of oxygen and atmospheric pressure what Would you feel warm sand under your feet Your ankles and calves slowly turning to Ice and everything above your waist Almost cryogenically freezing but it's Already too late for you to feel Anything and that's when NASA's projects Come to the rescue once again the agency Is creating personal spaceships for Astronauts like high-tech spacesuits With a modular design that allows them To be universally used anywhere in space They even have a fitting name the Exploration extra vehicular Mobility Unit or xemu the first real test of
These suits will take place on the moon As part of the Artemis mission for Mars They'll be additionally upgraded with Life support Technologies in a carbon Dioxide Rich atmosphere and a modified Top layer that'll keep the astronauts Warm during the Martian winter and Prevent them from overheating in the Summer But the astronauts won't spend all their Time in spacesuits in the long term Houses and even cities should be built For them in caves under domes we talked About this in detail in a recent video And you can check that link as well here In the hint in this video we also Mentioned the first home for the brave Colonist a Mars Rover which combines the Functions of a proper house and a Vehicle a solution like this is obvious When there's an urgent need to minimize The number of items to take for a long Journey the Hermetic mobile houses will Also have durability and convenience Tests on the moon NASA has conducted Extensive tests on Earth taking the best Including robotic Rovers once inside There will be everything to ensure life For several weeks also it will be Possible to wear comfortable clothing Indoors and put on a spacesuit only if You need to exit so housing is not Really a problem NASA however is also Experimenting with air for example the
Perseverance Rover has a special device Called Moxie that creates oxygen from CO2 in Martian conditions if Moxie works The way scientists are hoping astronauts On Mars won't only have their own oxygen Production system but also use it as a Component for Rocket Fuel to return to Earth so what about food we all remember The Martian and how Matt Damon's Character was growing potatoes by Fertilizing the planet's soil with his Own feces but in reality scientists Farming Ambitions on Mars haven't gone That far yet for the past few years NASA Has been funding research to try to grow Snow algae common on Earth's deserts and Highlands under conditions that mimic Those on Mars the research is still in Its early stages but the reports say That the algae are growing nicely they Can proliferate serving as a source of Food and oxygen and flexible greenhouses Similar to a spacesuit for vegetation But we don't have any information on how Good the algae tastes as the algae is Growing astronauts will use laser Communication to report the progress and Speed up the information transfer Between Earth and Mars NASA has already Tested technology on the moon and will Soon launch a properly equipped vehicle Into deep space for scientists to Research what it takes to use the same Technology millions of kilometers away
From our own planet There on the Red Dot in our Sky the First colonists will be virtually Isolated from the rest of humanity which Scientists believe could lead to a new Round of human evolution in just a few Generations martians May noticeably Differ from their earthlings first Living conditions including low gravity And high radiation would trigger new Mutations increased mutation rates will Trigger natural selection mechanisms new Generations would be more and more Adjusted to life on the red planet also High levels of radiation on Mars may Directly affect physical characteristics Of skin color or eyesight in addition Once colonists understand what they need To survive they may themselves begin Experimenting with genetic engineering To ensure the survival of the Next Generation and the same could happen to Plants that are on Mars for sustenance The prospects may seem bright but some Scientists are sounding the alarm they Claim that the invasion of a large Number of terrestrial bacteria on Mars Could cause the destruction of the local Ecosphere and even potentially destroy The planet what do you think how could a Colony on Mars actually look and what Will it result in let us know your Predictions Down Below in the comments Join us on social media and stay up to
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